Effects of Poor Diet and Obesity on Heart Essay

A decent eating regimen comprises of devouring a full scope of all the different supplements required for legitimate capacity of the body and real frameworks. At the point when somebody expends the right supplements in the right extents, they are considered to have a â€Å"Balanced Diet†. Be that as it may, when somebody isn't devouring the right supplements or not expending the right measure of supplements they are said to have a terrible eating routine or â€Å"malnutrition†. Unhealthiness is regularly confounded to be only the absence of supplements in the body causing sickness and Anorexia; anyway this is in reality wrong as lack of healthy sustenance can likewise be characterized as the over the top expending of supplements which contain more vitality than the body employments. This is most ordinarily known as â€Å"Obesity†. In Britain and most first world nations, corpulence is one of the most genuine impacts of lack of healthy sustenance. It very well may be amazingly hazardous because of the development of a specific fat known as â€Å"Adipose Tissue† under the skin and around major real organs. Somebody can typically be characterized as being stout in the event that they have a BMI of more than 30 (BMI can be determined by separating mass in Kg by tallness in Meters, squared). Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is a typical issue of the veins that gracefully the heart muscle with oxygenated blood. It is a significant reason for death in created with Reports in the UK recommending that 3-4% of men matured somewhere in the range of 35 and 74 bite the dust every year because of the impacts of CHD. In the reports for ladies, the hazard seems, by all accounts, to be about portion of this figure. Every year around 156000 individuals in England and Wales pass on from CHD. The heart is utilized as a siphon to siphon blood around the body; this is done by means of the contracting of the hearts muscles. This procedure needs a persistent gracefully of oxygen so as to work, notwithstanding if this oxygen flexibly is chopped off or hindered the muscle can't contract and hence the muscle will before long bite the dust. One of the procedures that can confine the measure of oxygen getting to the heart is called â€Å"atherosclerosis† on the other hand known as â€Å"Har dening of the Arteries†). This can prompt the coronary courses to be obstructed to the work of materials inside the supply route dividers. This causes the measure of room accessible for the oxygen to go through the vein to turn out to be intensely contracted. Atherosclerosis is a gradually creating issue and individuals who contract it ordinarily don't give any indications until they are at any rate 40 years old. Anyway in certain individuals, the procedure can be brought about a lot quicker. This is typically because of things, for example, hypertension, the nearness of low-thickness lipoproteins (LDL’s) or even inordinate measures of destructive synthetic compounds in the blood cuased by things, for example, the over the top utilization of tobacco. Harm from the nearness of these substances will develop inside the coronary course and exist as stores known as an atheromatous plaque. When this plaque has confined the broadness of the lumen by half or more, progression of oxygen into the heart muscle won't meet required sums and will make an agony be felt during practicing known as â€Å"angina†. This agony is felt in the left shoulder, chest and arm, however can even now be felt in the neck and left half of the face for certain individuals. Another risk from the nearness of an atheromatous plaque in the coronary supply routes is the threat of a blood coagulation being conformed to the plaque. These blood coagulations are known as a â€Å"Coronary thrombosis† and are brought about by sinewy protein Collagen coming into contact with the platelet which makes the platelet discharge a synthetic that respond with the blood and cause a coagulation to shape. These blood coagulations further log jam the progression of blood through the corridor. This could cause the piece of the heart accepting the oxygen from this corridor to flop in getting enough blood and consequently shut down or prevent the heart from thumping through and through. At the point when this happens it is known as a â€Å"myocardial infarction†. A myocardial localized necrosis is an intense condition wherein the heart neglects to pulsate. Around 90% of all instances of myocardial dead tissue are immediate impacts from the issues stimulated by Coronal apoplexy. Myocardial areas of dead tissue are conceivably lethal if a lot of muscle is influenced. Heart failures are a consequence of myocardial dead tissue because of the absence of thumping from the heart. During a heart failure, no heartbeat can be felt on the person in question and furthermore the casualty will lose cognizance (black out). On the off chance that the heart isn't restarted before the muscle cells begins to cease to exist, at that point the casualty will likewise pass on. A recreation of the impact an Atheromatous Plaque can have upon the broadness of the Lumen inside a vein (independent picture) Cholesterol is a significant substance in the structure of cell layers and we should have a specific measure of it in our body or the liver will deliver its own type of cholesterol to be shipped and utilized by cells. Nonetheless, proof from tests finished by researchers recommends that having an inordinate measure of cholesterol in the blood expands the danger of experiencing CHD. It is as yet muddled whether ones degrees of cholesterol in the circulation system can be constrained by ones eating regimen in spite of the fact that, information shows that eating a lot of immersed fats can expand your opportunity of having an elevated cholesterol blood content. Unnecessary cholesterol can be perilous as it isn't solvent in water so in this manner it can't be shipped utilizing the blood plasma transportation framework. Rather it must be shipped around the body in something many refer to as â€Å"lipoproteins† which are little balls comprised of different lipids, cholesterol and proteins. There are numerous assortments of lipoproteins which are ordinarily classified into 3 principle sub-areas. These sub-areas are characterized by the measure of protein they contain (otherwise called their thickness) and comprise of: High Density Lipoprotein (HDL): High protein substance and low lipid content Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL): High Lipid substance and lower Protein content Chylomicrons: an exceptionally high lipid content and extremely low protein content HDL’s are typically given the activity of getting cholesterol from around the body and moving it to the liver. Then again, LDL’s are typically given the activity of shipping cholesterol from the darling to different pieces of the body. LDL’s have an influence in the development of an atheromatous plaque because of the inclination for them to store cholesterol into the harmed dividers of corridors; interestingly HDL’s appear to really help in forestalling CHD. This is on the grounds that they expel cholesterol from tissues including those of vein dividers. Hence an individual who has a high HDL: LDL proportion in their body would be vastly improved ensured against CHD than somebody who doesn't. The structure of a lipoprotein (this one could be a LDL because of its High Lipid substance and lower Protein content) (http://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D:Structure_of_a_Lipoprotein.jpg) Circulatory strain can be characterized as the weight that blood inside vessels applies onto the dividers of the vessel wherein it is being moved. In the event that an individual has an uncommonly hypertension, they are said to have â€Å"hypertension†. This expands ones hazard to CHD by making the dividers of the corridors thicken and firm a lot of like atherosclerosis makes the veins become solidified. The reason for hypertension isn't in every case clear for each situation. Anyway researchers have proposed that a high admission of salt or the over the top utilization of lipids might be helping in the making of a hypertension, this is because of the high water liking of salt itself which could be attracting water by means of assimilation, expanding the volume of blood and hence pressure upon the veins. Hypertension is regularly fought normally by the body by means of the kidneys which would discharge increasingly fluid containing the salt arrangement; anyway this procedure doesn't generally work along these lines prompting individuals with hypertension being either encouraged to simply eat a low-salt eating regimen or be given diuretics which will make the kidneys complete the procedure. All in all, It can be seen that both less than stellar eating routine and heftiness can both have a specific impact upon the odds of somebody contracting Coronary Heart infection, anyway it can likewise be seen that the impacts from both of these issues could without much of a stretch be fought by just eating a more advantageous eating regimen containing the entirety of the supplements required in the body and furthermore in the right extents taking into account a reasonable eating regimen and a solid way of life.

Everyone Has The Right to Privacy Essay Example for Free

Everybody Has The Right to Privacy Essay Everybody has the option to protection. This is the option to not have insights regarding our lives to be held or circled without our insight/assent. Information of work force nature are gather now and again by associations. For instance: * Employers hold staff records that remember information for address, age, capability, compensation, debilitated leave, etc. * Stores hold detail on Mastercard installment, accounts history, things bought; * Banks hold subtleties on compensation, pay and withdrawals, direct charges to different associations; * Insurance organizations hold detail on property, vehicles, mishaps, cases and wellbeing. This rundown is unending. Current innovation has made it conceivable to store immense amounts of information, so it tends to be seen from everywhere throughout the world thus that it very well may be utilized to make a profile of a person. Dangers to data Systems Associations can ensure the respectability of information (by forestalling off base information passage, noxious or coincidental change), and basic measures can be taken to ensure the security of information structure robbery or decimation. Information Integrity This alludes to the rightness of information. The information hung on a PC may get inaccurate, degenerate or of low quality. This could occur at various phases of information handling. 1. Blunders in the Input. Information might be entered in wrongly. 2. Blunders in Operating Procedure. An update program might be ran twice in mistake, in this way the ace record would be refreshed twice. 3. Program blunders could prompt defilement of records. Another framework may have mistakes in it which may not surface for quite a while, however they might be presented during program support. Standard Clerical strategies To ensure against input and working, systems can be reported and followed for both info and yield. Info * Data passage must be restricted to approved faculty as it were * In enormous volume information section, information might be checked (entered in twice), to prepare for keying blunders * Data control sums must be utilized any place conceivable to confirm the fulfillment and precision of the information, and to watch any replicating/duplication or illicit section. Yield * All yield must be reviewed for sensibility and any irregularities explored. * Printed yield containing delicate data ought to be destroyed after use. Compose ensuring Disks Compose ensuring plates and tapes can be utilized to stay away from unplanned overwrite on a circle or a tape. This can be successful against an administrator mistake. The two plates and tapes have compose securing components. Client IDs and passwords Every client in an association who is allowed to the entrance of the organization database is given with a client id and a secret phrase. Much of the time there are sure degrees of access at which representatives can get to information. Probably the most well-known secret word rules are: * Passwords must be in any event six characters * The secret word show must be consequently smothered on the screen or printed yield * Files containing passwords must be scrambled * All clients must guarantee that their secret phrase is kept classified, not recorded, not made up of handily speculated words and is changed no less than at regular intervals. Access rights Indeed, even approved clients wear not regularly reserve the privilege to see all the information hung on a PC. for example A medical clinic secretary may reserve the option to view and change some patient subtleties, for example, the name, address, and arrangements. Be that as it may, they might not approach the patients clinical document. Access rights to information could be set to peruse just, read/compose or no entrance. Along these lines a client in an organization can access information which they are allowed to see and can possibly change information in the event that they are approved to do as such. In like manner, the PC it self can be modified to permit access to information from a specific terminal, and just at a specific time of day. The terminal in the overseers office might be the main terminal which has authorisation to change the structure of a database. An entrance catalog can be made, which shows every client get to rights. Making sure about against deceitful use or malevolent harm Associations are frequently presented due to: * The chance of misrepresentation; * The conscious debasement of information by despondent representatives; * Theft of programming or information which may fall under the control of their rivals. Measures to contradict these dangers are as per the following. * Careful determination of representatives * Immediate evacuation of representatives who have been sacked or who deliver their renunciation, and the retraction of their passwords and authorisation. * Separation of obligations. This is to guarantee the contribution of at least two individuals to cheat the organization. * Prevention of unapproved access by representatives and others to make sure about territories, for example, PC activities rooms, by the utilization of machine meaningful cards/identifications or different kinds of locks. * The utilization off passwords to access databases. * Educate staff to know about security penetrates, and to be alert in forestalling them or revealing them. * Appointing a security supervisor who can, with the utilization of uncommon programming, screen all PC screens. The unique programming can likewise be utilized to record all logins at every terminal, time of logins and the occasions specific programming is utilized. It will even log the security administrators exercises. Assurance against Viruses Steps can be taken to limit the danger of experiencing harm infections: * Making sure that all product which is bought is in fixed, sealed bundling; * Not allowing floppy circles conveying programming of and kind to be expelled from or brought into the workplace; * Using insect infection programming to register all applications carried with the workplace. Biometric safety efforts Biometric strategies for recognizing an approved client are unique mark filtering, voice acknowledgment and face acknowledgment. One such framework utilizes infra-red scanners to catch the novel example of veins under the skin. This framework can even separate between indistinguishable twins by looking at the outputs. Correspondences Security Media communications frameworks are powerless against programmers who find client ids and passwords and can access a database from their own PC. One approach to keep away from this is to utilize get back to methodology. This is the point at which a remote client signs on, the PC naturally gets back to that client on a pre-organized number to affirm the sign on. Information encryption can likewise be utilized to scramble exceptionally touchy or private information before transmitting it. Fiasco Planning Regardless of what safety measures are taken, the chance of information being pulverized is consistently extraordinary. A straightforward plate head crash can wreck a circle pressing a small amount of a second. Framework originators must give a sensible reinforcement office that doesn't debase the presentation of the framework and isn't over the top expensive. The expense of absence of getting ready for a PC disappointment can be ruinous. Intermittent Backups The most well-known approach to guarantee that information isn't lost is to make ordinary duplicates of documents into a sheltered spot. This is called Periodic Backups. This plan has a few shortcomings: * All updates to a document since the last reinforcement might be lost; * The frameworks may should be closed down during reinforcement tasks; * Backups of huge records can be tedious; * When a disappointment happens, recuperation from the reinforcement can be much additional tedious. An advantage is that documents which may have been divided can be redesigned to possess littler measures of same, bringing about quicker access time. It is essential to store duplicates of information in secure territories. One duplicate of information can be held in a flame resistant safe in a structure and another off-site. Recuperation systems An alternate course of action should be created to permit quick recuperation of significant interruptions. It is important to do the accompanying in reinforcement methods: 1. Distinguish elective good hardware and security offices, or execute an assistance understanding which gives gear when required. 2. Have arrangement for elective correspondence joins.

The Characteristics of Mental Health

The Characteristics of Mental Health Basics Print The Characteristics of Mental Health By Leonard Holmes Updated on February 24, 2020 Hinterhaus Productions/Taxi/Getty Images More in Psychology Basics Psychotherapy Student Resources History and Biographies Theories Phobias Emotions Sleep and Dreaming In This Article Table of Contents Expand What Is Mental Health? Characteristics Challenges to Mental Health How to Stay Mentally Healthy View All Back To Top It has always been easier to define mental illnesses than to define mental health. In the United States, the American Psychiatric Association has traditionally been the organization to define mental disorders (beginning as early as 1917 when it was known as The Association of Medical Superintendents of American Institutions of the Insane). More recently, many have recognized that mental health is more than the absence of mental illness. Even though many people do not have a diagnosable mental disorder, it is clear that some are mentally healthier than others. What Is Mental Health? The World Health Organization states that mental health is not just the absence of mental illness.?? It involves a state of well-being in which people are able to cope with the normal stresses they face in daily life. Mental health allows people to recognize their own abilities, work productively, and make meaningful contributions to their communities. Characteristics Mental health refers not only to emotional well-being but also to how people think and behave.  There are a number of different factors that have been found to influence mental health. Life Satisfaction A persons ability to enjoy life is frequently used as an indicator of mental health and wellness. It is often defined as the degree to which a person enjoys the most important aspects of their life.   Some factors that have been found to play an important role in life satisfaction include the absence of feeling ill, good relationships, a sense of belonging, being active in work and leisure, a sense of achievement and pride, positive self-perceptions, a sense of autonomy, and feelings of hope.?? Resilience The ability to bounce back from adversity  has been referred to as resilience.?? People who are resilient also tend to have a positive view of their ability to cope with challenges and seek out social support when they need it. Those who are more resilient are better able to not only cope with stress but to thrive even in the face of it. 10 Ways to Improve Your Resilience Support Social support is important to good mental health. Loneliness has been shown to have a number of negative health effects. It has been linked to problems with both physical and mental health including cardiovascular disease, depression, memory problems, drug misuse, alcoholism, and altered brain function.?? Decreases in social support caused by life changes such as going to college, facing social adversity, changing jobs, or getting divorced can have a negative impact on mental health. Fortunately, research suggests that it is not necessarily the number of supportive connections you have that it is the most important; it is the quality of these relationships that matters.??   Flexibility Having rigid expectations can sometimes create added stress. Emotional flexibility may be just as important as cognitive flexibility. Mentally healthy people experience a range of emotions and allow themselves to express these feelings. Some people shut off certain feelings, finding them to be unacceptable. Lack of psychological flexibility has been linked to some types of psychopathology, while research suggests that increase flexibility is connected to better life balance and improved resilience.?? Challenges to Mental Health The National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI) states that an estimated one in five U.S. adults experiences a mental health problem each year.??  There are a number of risk factors that can increase the likelihood that a person may experience poor mental health. Risks to mental health can include: ?? Medical illnessSubstance useExposure to traumaFamily history of mental illnessPoor access to health servicesSocial inequalitiesDiscriminationLow incomePoor self-esteemPoor social skills   Some of the factors that can help offer protection against poor mental health including having supportive social relationships, strong coping skills, opportunities for engagement in the community, and physical and psychological security.?? How to Stay Mentally Healthy The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services suggests that some of the ways that you can promote and maintain mental health include:??   Trying to keep a positive outlook on life  Engaging in regular physical exercise  Learning new coping skills to manage stress  Staying connected to other people  Helping others  Getting adequate sleep     It is also important to be able to seek help if you are having difficulties. Talk to your doctor or mental health professional if you want help improving your mental health or addressing a psychological problem. A Word From Verywell Mental health is much more than simply the absence of illness. It is important to note, however, that there are many factors that determine mental health and overall well-being. Individual factors play an important part in this, but social, environmental, and financial circumstances also interact dynamically with these individual factors to either enhance or threaten mental health.

Chemistry Abbreviations Starting With the Letter S

Chemistry abbreviations and acronyms are common in all fields of science. This collection offers common abbreviations and acronyms beginning with the letter S used in chemistry and chemical engineering. S - Entropys - secondsS - Sulfurs - solids - spin quantum numberSA - Salicylic AcidSA - Surface AreaSAC - S-Allyl CysteineSAC - Strong Acid Cationsal - salt (Latin)SAM - S-Adenosyl MethionineSAM - Spin Angular MomentumSAN - Styrene-AcryloNitrileSAP - Super Absorbant PolymerSAQ - Soluble AnthraQunoneSAS - Small Angle ScatteringSATP - Standard Ambient Temperature and PressureSb - AntimonySB - Solvent BasedSBA - Strong Base AnionSBC - Styrene Butadiene CopolymerSBR - Sequencing Batch ReactorSBS - Styrene Butadiene StyreneSc - ScandiumSC - Silicon CarbideSCBA - Specific Chemical and Biologic AgentsSCC - Stress Corrosion CrackingSci - ScienceSCO - Super Charged OxygenSCS - Single Crystal SiliconSCU - Scoville UnitsSCVF - Single Chamber Vacuum FurnaceSCW - Super Critical WaterSCX - Strong Cation eXchangerSDMS - Scientific Data Management SystemSDV - Shut Down ValveSDW - Spin Density WaveSE - Sample ErrorSe - SeleniumSec - SecondsSCN - ThiocyanateSEP - SeparateSEU - Slightly Enriched Uraniu mSF - Safety FactorSF - Significant FiguresSFC - Supercritical Fluid ChromatographySFPM - Suspended Fine Particulate MatterSg - SeaborgiumSG - Specific GravitySG - Spheroidal GraphiteSH - Thiol functional groupSHE - Standard Hydrogen ElectrodeSHF - Super High FrequencySHC - Synthetic HydroCarbonSi - SiliconSI units - Systà ¨me international dunità ©s (International System of Units)SL - Sea LevelSL - Short-LivedSLI - Solid-Liquid InterfaceSLP - Sea Level PressureSm - SamariumSM - Semi-MetalSM - Standard ModelSMILES - Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry SystemSN - Sodium NitrateSn - TinSNAP S-Nitroso-N-AcetylPenicillamineSNP - Single-Nucleotide Polymorphismsp - hybrid orbital between s and p orbitalsSP - Solubility ProductSp - SpecialSP - Starting PointSPDF - atomic electron orbital namesSQ - squaredSr - StrontiumSS - Solid SolutionSS - Stainless SteelSSP - Steady-State PlasmaSTEL - Short Term Exposure LimitSTP - Standard Temperature and PressureSTM - Scanning Tunneling Microscop eSUS - SUSpension

Aristotle s Views On Ancient Greek Democracy - 884 Words

Swiss-French writer Benjamin Constant and ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle offer conflicting viewpoints concerning the merits and possibilities of ancient Greek democracy. Aristotle’s political theory attempts to justify his city-state’s political structure by providing a model of the common good, or Chief Aim, his end goal for Athenian democracy. He believed Athenians could reach the Chief Aim as a society by individually learning to be virtuous and then instilling laws and morals based on these ideals. In his lecture, The Liberty of the Ancients Compared with that of the Moderns, Constant highlights that the individual liberties protected in a modern representative democracy are much more important than the political liberties that one was given in antiquity. Constant illustrates that while some ideas of ancient Greek democracy are precious, Aristotle’s political theory is not an obtainable reality and it was beneficial that modern democracies transitioned t o a system that protects individual liberty. Two of Aristotle’s most famous works, Nicomachean Ethics and Politics, offer an outline of his perfect society and how Athens could ascend to his ideals. According to Aristotle, the strive for the most good society starts with individuals and then collectively builds up to the Chief Aim through active participation in politics. He explains that an Athenian earns his freedom and citizenship by subduing his animal instincts and passions. Instead of succumbing to these urges,Show MoreRelatedGreece s Impact On The World1360 Words   |  6 PagesA Blast From the Past The way to better the world is to go back to the past and learn the ways of those who came before and learned from their mistakes; sort of like time traveling. 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First, as a political system involved in choosing and interchanging the leadership through free and fair voting. The second pillar would be the active involvement of the citizens both in civic life and politics. Third is the safeguarding of the human rights of every citizen. Then finally as rule of law, which apply equally in the society. However, for the purpose of this paperRead MorePlato, An Ancient Greek Philosopher1458 Words   |  6 PagesPlato, an Ancient Greek Philosopher by Carly Rittenmeyer Bible and the Ancient World Spring 2015 Plato, a Greek Philosopher, is known for his writings that impacted people in the Ancient Greek society. He was a free thinker and lived in a free city, Athens. He was taught by multiple teachers including Socrates who was frequently mentioned in his writings as the central character. Plato’s novel, The Republic, influenced the idea of government and shows his views on the world

Mothers Against Driving Free Essays

This essay is about a nationally known lobbying group known as MADD or Mothers Against Driving. This is an organization that was first created by a woman named Candy Lightner whom in 1980 tragically lost her daughter to a repeat offense drunk driver. This organization or lobbying group works very hard and whose goal is to keep drivers off the road who have had too much to drink and to also make sure that drunk driving laws are enforced. We will write a custom essay sample on Mothers Against Driving or any similar topic only for you Order Now The thesis statement is â€Å"Mothers Against Drunk Driving has arguably been one of the most successful public-health grassroots citizen dvocacy organizations in the United States in the past century. â€Å"(Fell and Voas). This whole idea of MADD started years ago when Candy Lightner’s daughter Carl, was walking with her friend and was struck and killed by a man who left the scene of the accident, and was drunk driving. After she was told that he actually was only out of Jail for two days after being arrested for another hit- and- run drunk- driving crash. His record had reflected three other arrests-two resulted in convictions and one was reduced to a reckless driving offense. It was soon after this that Candy Lightner and a few friends started MADD to fight against drunk drivers. The first chapter that was started in Maryland was by another woman named Cindi Lamb who was trying to fight the fact that her five month old daughter became paralyzed by a repeat drunk driver offender as well. The two women were brought together by a press secretary to congress and had a news conference that brought a lot of attention to this impaired-driving problem that is everywhere. Soon all over the nation Candy Lightner was contacted to comment on high profile cases. This lobbying roup was incorporated in 1980 as a California corporation. † By June of 1981 it had achieved IRS tax-free status: later in the year, it received$100,OOO in private funds. † Articles on the organization appeared in many magazines and newspapers out there such as Los Angeles Times, Family Circle. Candy was the guest on many talk shows such as The Today Show, Phil Donahue and others. With the great increase in media attention to the impaired-driving problem and the surge in alcohol legislation in the 1980’s, there was a heartening reduction in alcohol- related fatal crashes between 980 an 1995. â€Å"(NHTSA, 1995). MADD had developed a strong capability to respond to the growing press and interest in this ever growing problem. This part of the essay contains the claim and some of the background. There is a lot of evidence both qualitative and quantitative in MADDâ₠¬â„¢s effect on the impaired-driving problem we have in our America. There is general acceptance of the relationship between laws, their enforcement, and public education on driver perceptions of the risk of being caught for DUI (driving under the influence) which affect public attitudes toward impaired driving. (Gladwell, 2001). MADD founder Candy has been invited to speak at the formal signing of each of the legislative bills. Six of the most important pieces of alcohol safety legislation are MLDA 21 laws, zero tolerance for youth laws,. 08BAC limit laws,ALS laws, illegal per se laws and increased adoption of the legislative laws. This is part of the three tiered approach to the ending of drinking and driving. At the community level, MADD has chapters that help support police enforcement activities when it comes to strong DUI enforcement and rewarding police officers who make the most DUI arrests. Before MADD offenders were given light sentences but now there is a lot of court monitoring by MADD to assure offenders gets there Just do. This part of the essay contains some of the background and body, along with supporting evidence and data and scholarly research. An opposing view to MADD comes from the American Beverage Licenses or (ABL). This organization represents beer, wine and spirits retailers in the U. S. They have made many anti-MADD statements as well as criticizing General Motors. One of the claims that the ABL has made is that MADD targets social drinkers†ABL claims hat MADD would have you arrested if you had a glass of wine with dinner and then driven safely home or if you had a cocktail with your friends after work before heading home. They also claim that MADD wants to criminalize the 40 million adults that responsibly enjoy a glass of wine with dinner or a beer at a ball game and drive safely home. â€Å"(Hingson and Winter, 2003) This is simply not a true statement. MADD is just in support to the lowering of blood alcohol levels to 0. 08 and that is not reached by a glass of wine or from one beer. This level is reached by an average male size ho consumes 4 drinks in 1 hour or by an average sized female consuming 3 drinks. Social drinking does not attain to a blood alcohol level of 0. 8. General Motors is viewed as being a support for MADD but ABL claims that General Motors should be held accountable for supporting MADD. This could be viewed as a rebuttal to the opposing view of ABL. In Conclusion there is a lot of evidence that MADD has helped so many victims of drunk driving and they give so much of their time providing not only emotional support but also victim assistance programs and court accompaniments and that is hy this lobbying group is so very important to a lot of people and in helping so many. How to cite Mothers Against Driving, Papers

1500 Essay Example For Students

1500 Essay Midevil Civilazation By: Joe E-mail: emailprotected The greater part of medieval civilization was a time of simplicity and little cultural development. Feudalism was the structure that governed medieval society and came to represent this time period. The church became the universal symbol of medieval unity. Toward the end of the medieval period, however, town life and large-scale trade and commerce were revived. Great changes took place in the church fostering a new era and change. Feudalism was a system of government that provided the structure for the political, social, and economic aspects of medieval civilization. It consisted of contracts between members of the nobility and less powerful nobles who served as their vassals. Economically it was a contract between the serfs who farmed that land and the nobles who owned it. Feudalism was very complex and confusing in some ways, but it could also be looked at as very simple. It was constructed in a pyramid or chess board-like form. K ings were at the top although they did not have much power, lords and vassals followed the king and had control of the lesser nobles. The serfs were at the base of the pyramid. A manor, otherwise known as the lords estate, was where everyone lived and worked. In exchange for a place to live, food, and mainly protection, the serfs farmed the land. Agriculture was the foundation of feudalism, where land and food was used to barter for other items. There were different taxes and positions of distinct people on the manor. This illustrates the complexity of feudal life during the medieval ages. If you look at it as what the duties were of each specific class you see the simplicity of feudalism. Each member of medieval society had its own particular tasks to perform. The serfs preformed the most labor-intensive tasks and often did the same thing everyday. The knights protected the manor and the lords were responsible for taking care of everyone on their manor. The feudal system could be c ompared to a modern corporation. The serfs could be looked at as the workers, the lords as management, the knights to the security, and the king would be the CEO of the company. Feudalism was complex in its organization and simple it its implementation. During most of the medieval time period the church was the center of society and was the law of the land. The church regulated business practices, had the power to tax, controlled all people through the power of excommunication and had influence on the aesthetic aspects of life. The church exemplified both the simplicity and complexity of medieval life. Monks led a very simple life. Their days were spent working hard, studying, and praying. The church wanted to make life simpler by standardizing the rite, calendar, and monastic rule. It was more complex then simple however. The church held a great deal of power that was often in conflict with the monarch. The head of the church, the pope, spent much of his time in Rome while attempti ng to govern the rest of Europe. It was difficult to govern such a large geographical area while residing in a city that was not centrally located. In A.D. 1377, Pope Gregory XI left Avignon and returned to Rome. This was known as the great schism and it developed great entanglement in the popes standing in medieval society. The crusades, while increasing the status of the pope, also increased the power of the monarchs over the nobles. Feudalism was broken down and the power the church was illustrated in the crusades. Certain aspects of the church tried to simplify life while other things only made it more complex. Population growth contributed to the migration of people from the manor to the town, which was the base of complexity in the later stage of the Middle Ages. A self-sufficient manor sometimes was the beginning of a town where people came to form a complex web of commerce and trade. Products were bought with money rather then used to barter for other necessities such as in the earlier stage of the Middle Ages. As the towns grew the people became dissatisfied with being ruled by the nobles and church. .u79b2017347f626de87825c5cfd38c837 , .u79b2017347f626de87825c5cfd38c837 .postImageUrl , .u79b2017347f626de87825c5cfd38c837 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u79b2017347f626de87825c5cfd38c837 , .u79b2017347f626de87825c5cfd38c837:hover , .u79b2017347f626de87825c5cfd38c837:visited , .u79b2017347f626de87825c5cfd38c837:active { border:0!important; } .u79b2017347f626de87825c5cfd38c837 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u79b2017347f626de87825c5cfd38c837 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u79b2017347f626de87825c5cfd38c837:active , .u79b2017347f626de87825c5cfd38c837:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u79b2017347f626de87825c5cfd38c837 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u79b2017347f626de87825c5cfd38c837 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u79b2017347f626de87825c5cfd38c837 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u79b2017347f626de87825c5cfd38c837 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u79b2017347f626de87825c5cfd38c837:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u79b2017347f626de87825c5cfd38c837 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u79b2017347f626de87825c5cfd38c837 .u79b2017347f626de87825c5cfd38c837-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u79b2017347f626de87825c5cfd38c837:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Voting and Literacy Tests Essay

The Rebellion Against Victorianism The 1890s Was In Time For Transform

The Rebellion Against Victorianism The 1890's was in time for transformation for the English society. After Queen Victoria died the heart of the Victorian culture seemed to fade. England was beginning to experience economic competition from other states and a gradual decline from its former pinnacle of power. Politically, the Parliament experienced some fundamental power shifts after the turn of the century. This essay will address the climate of change in the English culture and its expressions. The changes occurred in two separate and distinct time periods. These time periods are the turn of the century from 1890's to World War II. The second period is WWII to 1970's. The new century brought about an end to the old and stuffy Victorian life-styles. The social stigmas of women and their behavior was challenged and change by the rise of feminism in 1910. Women began to protest against the system for women 's suffrage. One instance these "violent women" r an around in the city smashing store windows to get notoriety for their cause. Books such as the Odd Women, featured a fictional representation of "professional women". They were classified in two categories, both an attack on the social institution of marriage. The first of these new women were out only for fun. The second was the concept of an asexual being who did not need a man. These women owned their own flats and had various jobs usually secretarial in nature.. The book expressed an uncomfortable period of transformation. Working women were not completely accepted by English society at this time. The book portrayed different lives and how they coped with their situations.1 The male character was also in a state of change. This change brought about the term "new men". These new men were classified by a "sexual anarchy". This movement was predominantly a middle class, liberal expression. Many were young male artisans who were homosexual . The word homosexuality was creat ed by an amendment to criminal law which had declared all acts of sodomy as illegal. Previous to this amendment the act of homosexuality was punishable by hanging. Doctors and scientist had seen homosexuality as a disease, thus the need developed for a "cure". Sexuality became all inclusive. There was a large aesthetic movement which was also inherent in this "new" culture. This movement classified art as being done for art's sake. Art was now being viewed as separate from society. This meant that art could be a personal expression rather than a group think project. These attributes coined the term the "Decadent Movement". The England was experiencing tremendous growth in its economy and political change during this time. However, this growth was also shared by to other rival countries, Germany and the United States. England had a fear of the massive economic strength of the United States. England, at the turn of the century, was no longer the international hegemon it was a decade previous. This caused the English look introspectly at itself. The political change occurred inside of the Parliament. The conservative House of Lords began vetoing new liberal budget proposals. Both the Prime Minister and the House of Commons were liberal in their political affiliation. The vetoing created a deadlock in the government. The Prime Minister and the House of Commons proposed a referendum which would nullify the House of Lords power of veto over the budgetary matters. This was presented to the House of Lords with an ultimatum. If the referendum was not passed the House of Lords would be flooded with liberal Middle class citizens. The referendum was then passed and the deadlock broken. This shift of power was crucial in the infrastructure of the political system of England. World War I left a tremendous impression of reality on the English. Their confidence was compromised due to the ineffectiveness in combat and their dependence of United States aid for victory. This is the true end of all of the glory held by the British Empire. The English were left with a tremendous national debt totalling at $7 billion dollars. England would never be a hegemon in the international community again. World War II brought a feeling of unity back to England. "The Battle for Britain"

Business Model of Nespresso Essays

Business Model of Nespresso Essays Business Model of Nespresso Essay Business Model of Nespresso Essay Nespresso is a subsidiary of giant Nestle which was created in 1986. Before launching e-business the capsules sales where operated by telephone and the machine sales by retailers. The Nespresso Club was created in this period of company development. In 1998-1999 Nespresso launches its web site and the next year open its â€Å"Grande Boutique† in Paris. The Nespresso advent began its existence. The specific distribution channels and the idea of private club reinforce the sense of belonging. The client does not feel to be simple people who buy the product but clients develop the feeling to be an exceptional person supported by the Nespresso service. The e-sales improve the Nespresso data and improve the marketing Nespresso’s operations. Since this huge change Nespresso has now a machine for cappuccino and the new collection for Lungo coffee. This company does not offer a simple â€Å"excellent cafe† but a real design item which is integrated in the home decor. 1) Customer segments Nespresso’s main target is the upper middle class, workers in the office, hotels and restaurants. The Nespresso coffee is quite expensive and vehicles a prestige image for people who drink it at home in family or with friends. In the office the use of Nespresso machines is very frequent particularly during negotiations with clients and other stakeholders. Nowadays, Nespresso can target fashionable people who are concerned by the last trends. 2) Value Propositions Nespresso embodies the most sophisticated coffee concept ever developed. * Perfectly portioned highest quality Grand Cru coffees * Smart and easy to use machines and capsules with unique innovate design * Personalized service Nespresso club functionalities are increased * Exceptional coffee experience The concept (machine, capsule, service) is protected by 70 patents and allowed Nespresso to create an economic model closed to competition. Not only can Nespresso coffee capsules only be used in Nespresso machines, with patents ensuring exclusivity, but most customers are forced to buy from Nestle through the brands website or one of Nespresso Boutiques. 3) Channels The sales of Nespresso products are mostly concentrated in : * Internet: 45% of the business. Clients can have customized special offers thanks to their personal Nespresso space. A real customer follow up was created. * Exclusive boutique network * Boutique Bar lay-out: Lounge * Retailers Besides the capsule sales Nespresso has more than 20  000 machine equipped points of sales. 4) Customer Relationships Loyal members, Nespresso Club, 5) Revenue streams * Capsules sales * Commissions on the machines sales 6) Key resources * Superior quality of coffee * Unequaled experts specialized in the production process * 24/7 Service * Loyalty of the members of Nespresso club * A new high standard design machines * Client’s loyalty * Good sustainable brand image Prestigious and appreciated marketing campaign (Sponsoring Alinghi and America’s Cup, Georges Clooney) Nestle is working on ways to prevent competitors from taking advantage of the coming expiry of its patents. 7) Key activities * Constantly improve the chain value * Conserve the privileged relationships with clients * To conserve the capitalization of their good image and their stylish, unique an d eco-friendly culture * Follow the construction of the Internet site 8) Key partnership Nespresso is one of the biggest sponsors of Alinghi and America’s Cup. Partners with Nestle to utilize synergies in terms of: * Financial support * Ramp;D * Specialist support in terms of tax, legal, public affairs etc * Purchasing power * Start-up in new markets Almost 8 machine partners: Magimix, Krups, Miele, Koenig, Alessi†¦ There is a unique partnership with numerous hotels and restaurants which will sell the product to their customers. 9) Cost structure * The cost of the 24/7 service * Capsule production * Cost of sending parcels * Marketing cost which allowed the company to build the Brand reputation and spread its activity on new markets.

Picassos Three Dancers Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Picassos Three Dancers - Research Paper Example The paper "Picasso’s Three Dancers" gives an interpretation of painting "Three Dancers" by Pablo Picasso. There was a concept he referred to as the sublime – an idea that remained just out of reach of definition and therefore could only be suggested, never represented. This element has also been referred to as the meaning of an image which these artists were trying to suggest was as much the result of the audience’s understanding of it as it was the result of the artist’s conception or his ability to transfer this into visual images. These ideas can be discovered in Picasso’s painting â€Å"The Three Dancers†. The title of the painting gives the first clue as to what the artist had in mind when creating this image - one expects to see three people clearly engaged in some form of fluid synchronized movement. Instead, one is confronted with hard lines, jagged angles and bold colors but no realistic forms, no easily understood movements. The Tat e Museum tells us, â€Å"The jagged forms of Three Dancers convey an explosion of energy. The image is laden with Picasso's personal recollections of a triangular affair, which resulted in the heart-broken suicide of his friend Carlos Casagemas. Love, sex and death are linked in an ecstatic dance. The left-hand dancer in particular seems possessed by uncontrolled, Dionysian frenzy. Her face relates to a mask from Torres Strait, New Guinea, owned by the artist, and points to Picasso's association of 'primitive' forms with expressiveness and sexuality† (2004).

The IDEA Project Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The IDEA Project - Research Paper Example For GSS, the variable designation is SEX and RACE while for the WSV, the designations are v214 for column and v208 is control. There would be no significant differences among the race classification and between genders in their ranking of buying stolen goods. A larger percentage of women would consider buying stolen goods as never justified as compared to the men. The results show that a greater percentage of women strongly agrees that they receive respect at work for both races ( 43% as compared to 29% for men of the race=white and 45% as compared to 35% for the men of the race =black). However, when we consider the 'agree' column, we see that more men 'agree' that they receive respect. Taking the cumulative percentage for 'strongly agree' and 'agree', the percentage of male and female in the white race agreeing that they receive respect at work has a minimum difference (92% for men and 91.6% for women). The same is also true for the black race (93% for both sexes). It is also worthy to note that 3% of black women strongly disagrees as compared to 0% for men. Comparing the male response, one can see that a greater percentage of black men strongly agrees that they receive respect at work but then again a greater percentage of white men 'agrees' that they receive respect at work as compared to the black men. ... Results for GSS: Chart for RACE = 1(WHITE) Chart for RACE = 2(BLACK) Male Comparative Chart for Race(My Own Work): P Values: p This implies that the relationship is not statistically significant and the results cannot be generalized to the whole US population. The results show that a greater percentage of women strongly agrees that they receive respect at work for both races ( 43% as compared to 29% for men of the race=white and 45% as compared to 35% for the men of the race =black). However, when we consider the 'agree' column, we see that more men 'agree' that they receive respect. Taking the cumulative percentage for 'strongly agree' and 'agree', the percentage of male and female in the white race agreeing that they receive respect at work has a minimum difference (92% for men and 91.6% for women). The same is also true for the black race (93% for both sexes). It is also worthy to note that 3% of black women strongly disagrees as compared to 0% for men. Comparing the male response, one can see that a greater percentage of black men strongly agrees that they receive respect at work but then again a greater percentage of white men 'agrees' that they receive respect at work as compared to the black men. Taking it cumulatively, we see that there the difference is not significant (91% for white while 91.8% for black). Note also that 3% of white men strongly disagree that they receive respect at work. Results for WSV: Chart for Hispanic American Chart for Black American Chart for White American Chart for Asian American Chart for Indian American P Values p This implies that the relationship is not statistically significant and the results cannot be

John Kenneth Galbraith Biography

John Kenneth Galbraith Biography Archibald Galbraith, a Canadian schoolteacher, once climbed onto a platform atop a  steaming pile of manure to address a group of Liberal party voters before the coming Ontario  elections. â€Å"Before I begin,† he said, â€Å"I must apologize for speaking from the Tory platform.†Ã‚  Later on, his teenage son, John Kenneth, would congratulate him on the dig, to which he  [Archibald] would respond, â€Å"It was good. But it didn’t change any votes.† (Arthur Scheslinger,  1984, p. 7) So, from an early age, John Kenneth Galbraith was between the world of politics and  pragmatism.   John Kenneth Galbraith was born in 1908. His father’s involvement in politics had a  profound impact on the young John Kenneth, politicizing him at an early age. He originally  studied Agricultural Economics at the Ontario Agricultural College, but would eventually say  that he took his first â€Å"real† economics course at UC Berkeley, and that the economics instruction  in Canada was â€Å"very poor† (Dunn, 2002, p. 350). As a graduate student at UC Berkeley, he  continued his study of agricultural economics and worked as a research assistant for a â€Å"very zany  old man by the name of Edwin Voorhies† (Kreisler, 1986). He stated that it was his study of  agricultural economics that left him with a strong feeling that â€Å"social science should be tested by  its usefulness,† an idea inspired by Veblen’s dichotomy between exoteric knowledge (knowledge  that is valuable and applicable) and esoteric knowledge (knowledge tha t has no practical  application, but because of that, is considered more â€Å"prestigious†). Galbraith believed that social  sciences should be exoteric, not esoteric. In his book Economics and The Public Purpose,  Galbraith develops this idea further, saying, â€Å"The ultimate test of a set of economic ideas is  whether it illuminates the anxietes of the time† (Galbraith, 1973, p.198). In the 1930’s, while Galbraith was studying to receive his Ph. D, it was clear that  economic theory was not addressing the anxietes of the time. Economists were struggling to  explain how free markets had led the United States to economic ruin. One in four Americans  were jobless. Production had all but ground to a halt. Obviously, there were egregious errors in  the accepted dogma, which stated that free markets left to their own devices would bring about  efficiency and employment. Galbraith said that his method of coming to an understanding was to  Ã¢â‚¬Å"for years†¦start with [Alfred] Marshall, see the world as it is, and make the requisite  modifications† (Dunn, 2002, p. 351). Upon graduating, Galbraith traveled to Washington D.C.  and took a position assisting with the implementation of the Agricultural Adjustment Act, before  taking a position as a tutor at Harvard. At Harvard, he made speeches supporting the reelection of Roosevelt, cement ing his initial ties with the Democratic party. Not long after, he was offered  a fellowship at Cambridge, where the discussions centered around Keynes, who had just published his General Theory of Employment, Money, and Interest (Dunn, 2002, pp. 350-355).   Galbraith returned from England to his tutor position at Harvard a confirmed Keynesian. He spent a few more years tutoring at Harvard (where he met John F. Kennedy) and then took a  job as resident economist for the American Farm Bureau Federation in Washington. Galbraith’s  observation of the farm industry solidified his belief in the power of government to move  industries forward. In 1930, farm households accounted for a quarter of the population, whereas  today they account for only 1% of the population and yet on the whole, they now produce more  than they did in 1930. This is due to strong government support of the farming industry. That  national planning could â€Å"transform a weak, disorganized, and poverty prone sector of the  economy into America’s most spectacular productive success†¦preserved his political concerns†Ã‚  (Arthur Schlesinger, 1984, p. 8). Galbraith became head of the Office of Price Administration in  1941 during World War II, and at the same time began his long career as a ghostwriter, penning  spe eches for Samuel Rosenman and Robert Sherwood (Arthur Schlesinger, 1984, p. 8). Galbraith then became editor of Fortune magazine, where he worked directly for Harry  Luce, founder of Time Inc., whom he called â€Å"one of the most ruthless editors I have ever known,  or anyone has ever known† (Kreisler, 1986). Galbraith has credited Luce with dramatically  improving his writing via ruthless editing. Galbraith credited Fortune with giving him a  Ã¢â‚¬Å"marvelous introduction to the corporate mind,† because the focus of the magazine at the time  was â€Å"the anatomy of the big corporations† (Dunn, 2002, p. 353). The decision making processes  of major corporations would be a recurring phenomenon that he would write about in many of  his publications. Galbraith returned to Academia in 1948, having spent five years as editor of Fortune. He  was nominated to a position teaching economics at Harvard. However, members of Harvard’s  board of overseers regarded him as a â€Å"dangerous Keynesian,† and as a result, â€Å"took the step,  almost unprecedented in modern times, of blocking the appointment† (Dunn, 2002, p. 353). However, Galbraith had many political allies, and among them was Harvard’s president, James  B. Conant. Conant was such a fan of Galbraith that he threatened to resign unless the board of  overseers backed down. Eventually they did, and Galbraith became a tenured professor at  Harvard. It was then that he began work on his first major bestseller, American Capitalism: The  Concept of Countervailing Power. Galbraith begins his discussion of capitalism in America by pointing out the following  conundrum: Mainstream economic theory asserts that in the case of monopoly, prices will rise,  business will screw consumers, fail to innovate, and as a result, the economy will be in bad  shape. He then notes the work of Joan Robinson in developing the idea of monopolistic and  oligopolistic competition, noting that oligopolistic industries behave in the same way as  monopolies would, and through informal agreements can have the exact same effect. Then, using  the actual data collected by the American government, he shows that the majority of industries  are in fact oligopolistic. But he goes even further than that, saying that almost all industries will  eventually become oligopolistic for the following reasons: At the birth of an industry,  competetion is necessary and possible, as no firms have clear and significant advantages yet. But  over time, it will become increasingl y difficult to enter the industry because of the barriers to  entry created by high capital requirements and increasing returns to scale. At the same time that  increasing returns to scale start to set in (as they inevitably do), existing firms will also gain the  advantage of experience and prior organization. The convergence of these factors leads, in most  cases, to an industry with a few power players and a larger but still relatively small number of  hangers-on, who exist by filling niches that aren’t worth the time of the large firms. Galbraith poses a question in American Capitalism, and before getting to that question, it  is important to get a sense of the context in which he asks it. After World War II, America was  experiencing incredible prosperity. But underlying this prosperity was the fear of depression. The  Great Depression was still fresh in the collective consciousness, and the average man’s faith that  capitalism would bring about efficiency and full employment was shaken. And yet, as the years  after the war progressed, things were stable and employment was plentiful. It is also important to  note that the era of non-depression Keynesianism was beginning, and much to the chagrin of the  business community, government was becoming a much more participatory force in markets. The business community was reacting violently against this expansion of government, claiming  that it was a complete disaster, wasteful to the very extreme and bound to cripple growth. The  state of the American economy in the 1950’s then was that of big government, near-ubiquitous  monopoly or oligopoly, and an underlying fear of depression. Yet, by almost any measure, the  economy was a success. The problem, according to Galbraith, was that, â€Å"in principle, the economy pleased no  one; in practice it satisfied most. Social inefficiency [government spending], unrationalized  power [monopoly and oligopoly], intrusive government [regulation], and depression were all  matters for deep concern. But neither liberal nor conservatives, neither the rich nor all but the  very poor, found the consequences intolerable† (Galbraith, 1954, p. 85). What fascinated  Galbraith was how an economy which was so flawed in theory could work so well in practice. The question he asked was: Why are things so†¦well†¦good? Thus, he states that his aim in  American Capitalism is to â€Å"examine in turn the circumstances that have kept social inefficiency,  private power, government intervention, and unemployment from ruining us in the recent  present† (Galbraith, 1954, p. 85). The first answer that he gives is that oligopoly is much more conducive to techonological  innovation than classical competetion. â€Å"There is no more pleasant fiction than that technical  change is the product of the matchless ingenuity of the small man forced by competition to  employ his wits to better his neighbor. Unhappily, it is a fiction,† he says. â€Å"Technical  development has long since become the preserve of the scientist and engineer† (Galbraith, 1954,  p.86). His argument is that due to the costliness of development, it can only be undertaken by a  firm with considerable resources. In highly competitive industries, no one firm has considerable  resources. Moreover, because innovations can easily be imitated, it is not economical for a small  competitive firm to bear the research and development costs for an entire industry. Galbraith then turns his keen eye to the idea of inefficiency. He deals with this issue by  asserting that America’s relative opulence shields us and is moreover a cause of such  inefficiency. At the time that the classical economists were writing, an opulent economy had yet  to be observed. For Malthus and Ricardo, â€Å"inefficiency was, indeed, an evil thing. It denied  bread to the hungry and clothing to the naked† (Galbraith, 1954, p.102). The true power of  Galbraith’s insight is his ability to point out the obvious. He criticizes his fellow economists for  bringing the mentality of the nineteenth century, with all its poverty and degradation, to the  opulent twentieth century. Galbraith finds this error both amusing and absurd, saying, â€Å"He [the  mainstream economist] worries far too much about partially monopolized prices†¦for tobacco, liquor, automobiles, and soap, in a land which is already suffering from nicotine poisoning and   alcoholism, which is nutritionally gorged with sugar, which is filling its hospitals and cemeteries  with those who have been maimed or murdered on its highways, and which is dangerously  neurotic about body odors† (Galbraith, 1954, p.102). His point is that these inefficiencies are in  fact a sign of the wealth of America. They are the symptom of a wealthy economy, and thus we  ought not to worry so much about them. He also discredits the idea of intrusive government,  noting that, â€Å"alarm over pending action by government on economic matters, which frequently  reaches almost pathological proportions when the decision is pending, almost invariably  evaporates completely once the action is taken. One of the profound sources of American  strength has been the margin of error provided by our well-being† (Galbraith, 1954, p.106). But the most significant reason that monopoly has failed to capsize the American  economy, according to Galbraith is the exercise of what he calls countervailing power. The  assumption always made by economists, when they would consider the case of markets, was that  the check on an individual firm’s power wold come from the supply side of the industry. Galbraith disagrees. He admits that the existence of monopoly power in a competitive market  does in fact encourage the entry of more producers to appropriate some of that power for  themselves. â€Å"In other words,† he says. â€Å"Competition was regarded [and is] a self-generating  regulatory force† (Galbraith, 1954, p. 112). But in a market that is not competitive, the incentive for some economic agent to  approptiate that power still exists. But it need not come from the supply side. That power is, in  practice, usually appropriated by strong buyers or coalitions of buyers, who can sometimes take  even more than their share. Because of the tendency of power to be organized in response to  existing power, â€Å"countervailing power is also a self-generating force† (Galbraith, 1954, p. 113). According to Galbraith, it is the large retailers who, by way of their absolute power over  manufacturers, bargain for the consumer and protect the consumer from the high monopoly  prices that would otherwise result. Likewise, the considerable market power of large firms is  checked by trade unions for a simple reason, there is something to be bargained for Galbraith  notes that trade unions are most powerful in the least competitive industries. This is because the  surplus that a company derives from monopoly power acts as an incentive to unions. In the very  competitive industries, producers and workers are operating at bare minimum profit and the  incentives to organization insignificant. These are the basic ideas laid out in American Capitalism. The book in many ways lays  the framework and tone for the books he would publish in the sixties and seventies. But while  American Capitalism was Galbraith’s first major bestseller, it was The Affluent Society that  skyrocketed him to fame. The Affluent Society builds on many of the concepts introduced in his  first book, but with several key differences. Though Galbraith could not suppress his urge to  social commentary, The Affluent Society is a much more prescriptive book, growing out of his  chapter on technical development in American Capitalism. To his original analysis he adds a  significantly moral component. The Affluent Society concerns itself with the policies that ought  to be undertaken once the basic needs of the people have been met. Galbraith’s main argument is  that our ratio of private good (cars, televisions, automobiles) to public goods (schools, roads) is  inequitable an d ridiculous. The premise of his argument is that once our basic desires such as  food, clothing, and shelter have been satisfied, large corporations employ advertising to concoct  new demand for products. The traditional economic and utilitarian argument for goods qua  goods falls on its face if consumer demand is not sovereign. What is really necessary is the use  of society’s productive resources in the public realm in juxtaposition with growth in the private  realm. He calls this idea â€Å"social balance,† saying, â€Å"the problem of social balance is ubiquitous,  and frequently it is obtrusive. As noted, an increase in the consumption of automobiles requires a  facilitating supply of streets, highways, traffic control, and parking spaces† (Galbraith, 1958, p.  193). He also confronts the existence of poverty in an affluent society as being the result of  outdated nineteenth century attitudes. â€Å"A poor society,† he says,  "had to enforce the rule that  someone who did not work could not eat. An affluent society has no similar excuse for such  rigor† (Galbraith, 1958, p. 251). But he admits that, â€Å"nothing requires such a society to be  compassionate. But it no longer has a high philosophical justification for its callousness†Ã‚  (Galbraith, 1958, p. 251). In the 50’s, America was in the midst of the cold war and attempts at engineering a better  society were very suspect. Galbraith throughout The Affluent Society understands the inherent  and ideological opposition to big government and social policy, but he is adamant in stating,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"that cities’ residents should have a nontoxic supply of air suggests no revolutionary dalliance with socialism† (Galbraith, 1958, p. 191). In fact, Galbraith eventually finds socialism and central planning to be in many ways  similar to the kind of capitalism that developed in America in the latter half of the 20th century. 9 In The New Industral State, Galbraith focuses his effort on understanding what he calls the  Ã¢â‚¬Å"technostructure.† In an era when the division of intellectual labor is so overwhelming, the  management or even management team of a powerful corporation doesn’t actually make most of  the decisions. The decisions are instead made collectively by teams of experts. Galbraith coins  the term technostructure as, â€Å"embracing all who bring specialized knowledge, talent or  experience to group decision-making. This,† he says, â€Å"not the management, is the guiding  intelligence, the brain, of the enterprise† (Galbraith, 1967, p.71). Many of Galbraith’s ideas resonate to this day. Unfortunately, most do not. It would be  tempting to end this essay optimistically, expounding poetically on the way Galbraith’s ideas  continue to influence national policy. In reality, although he was a well-respected and powerful  man, many of his ideas continue to be ignored by mainstream economists and politicians. Rarely  does one hear a contemporary economist talk about countervailing power, or reference the  Ã¢â‚¬Å"technostructure.† While as a society we owe much to Galbraith and his ideas, the discipline of  economics has for all intents and purposes laid his practical ideas by the wayside. But whether or  not his continued influence on economics is felt by the mainstream, his contribution to the  discipline remains poignant and accessible for those who choose to seek it out on their own. Galbraith’s main contribution to economic thought was his tackling of the problem of  power. He was convinced that the most glaring, most significant, and most ignored problem in  the field of economics was the effect of power on economic activity. Understanding why  Galbraith was so affixed by this idea of power is actually quite simple; he was surrounded by it. Through his political work, Galbraith knew not only Kennedy, but several other presidents and  all the most powerful officials in the democratic party. Through his work at Fortune he became  acquainted with the heads of the largest and most powerful corporations in the world. He saw,  10 clearly, the extent to which the decisions of these men (and the technostructures supporting  them) affected the direction and performance of the economy of the whole. Given that he was an  astute man, for him to ignore the influence of power on economies, in order to advance a series  of aesthetically pleasing models and equations, would have been not only unthinkable but  dishonest. Galbraith wanted badly to be useful, to â€Å"change votes,† as his father would have said. To him, sitting in a room concocting theories did not qualify as usefulness. He longed to be in  the thick of policy-making. Later in life, he wanted badly to avoid what he called â€Å"Belmont Syndrome†1 Thus, his struggle to be relevant was not only ideological but moral. John Kenneth Galbraith died peacefully at home in 2006. He left behind not only an  extensive body of economic work, but two novels. His first novel, The Triumph, written in 1969,  was about U.S. foreign policy disasters in Latin America. His second novel, A Tenured  Professor, written in 1990, was about an eccentric Harvard professor, and lampooned the elite  institution. He lived ninety-seven years, almost all of them (excepting the first few) were  preoccupied with upending the â€Å"conventional wisdom.† He remains one of the most famous and  controversial economists of the twentieth century, and a fine novelist.

Marketing proposal

The Iphone is not a phone. It is a revolution that has just started. Some have called it the next resting place of the mind. When we heard that Apple was creating a new product after iPod, we all held our collective breadths, what were Steve jobs up to? Built in the simple elegance that only Apple knows how to this work of arts most distinctive feature is its high-tech multi touch function that creates an amazing   user experience enables an individual to control everything using his or her fingers and type using a predictive keyboard and glade through the multi touch display to find photos, messages, friends easily. There is thankfully lees clutter and none of those confusing functions that get in the way. Yet the iPod lack one function in order to get it fully right. It doesn’t have a mirror, actually a magic mirror. This is the name I have given a feature that the iphone must have. It is an electronic mirror that a clear spread with your hand over the face of the iphone screens morphs up. Magic mirror can be a traditional mirror with a frame and also has drivers that allow you to talk to an animated character who gives an appropriate response by way of drivers that trigger this. It actively mixes video images while communicating via RS 239 and using the Creston automation system. Other functions includes enabling doctors to identify psychological, physical well being by looking at your magic mirror image along with heart beat and blood pressure sensors of patients and the elderly. The target markets for magic mirror are teenage girls, middle income globally. Because of the growth of the world, middle class there has been a parallel growth in affluent teenagers and young adults. No matter where they are in the world, they have similar desires, interests and consumptions. This has been influenced by the worldwide mass media. They watch the same shows, listen to the same music and watch the same movies and videos. They not only idolize the same musicians, dressing styles, mannerisms and attitudes and therefore have the same shared characteristics and preferences. We intend to have teenagers identify with iphone early in life because preferences and tastes formed now can influence purchasing trends throughout their lives. The social cause that I intend to support is the delinquency and lack of manners that is so prevalent in young adults today. While it has become a common practice for older people to ignore or not to give much thought to young people’s behavior and regard this as a passing cloud, I beg to differ. The recent incidents of fatal shootings all over America is the upper peak of a mountain of poor mannerisms that if not checked will result in lawlessness and societal breakdown. I would advocate a campaign for good manners starting at the very bottom. Children as young as three learning to say thank you and please , then moving up to pre-teens who will use the fulfilled and life lessons applications, games, quizzes and chats. Then focus on teenagers and on the other hand providing guidance, advice and support to parents. The slogan I would choose is ‘thanks a million’. This is a slogan that will be part of the campaign that initiates a state by state competition where a million teenagers’ text thank you messages to older people who have done wonderful and even simple things to make life better for others. Tyra banks are in my opinion the most suitable spokesman for the campaign. Her whole life story is an example for many teenagers about how to become a success in life. Born in a middle class background, she lived a normal life and was inspired by her mother who identified her talent in modeling and helped her develop it even through the most challenging times of her life. As a talk show host, Tyra banks have placed her energy towards developing the potential of young women. Her show provides information on fashion, dress, complexion and style. She especially focuses on teenage girls through the Tzone summer camp experience where independence, self esteem is taught to teenage girls at a mountainside camp for a week. Her energy and personality appeals strongly to young girls most importantly. Tyra banks are a modern woman and a role model with manners.   She has started her own campaign against use of derogatory words ageist women in rap videos and has a policy of not allowing swear words to be used during her show. She is the right person for the job. Magic mirror is just a start of the concept of capturing all the senses sight, sound and smell within the iPod. The next phase is to introduce a scent sensor to the iphone as well as a sound sensor. These two features will make the iphone the almost man’s best friend. REFERENCES Winer, R.S. (2007). Marketing Management, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.

Andrew Jackson Democracy

Andrew Jackson and his supporters have been criticized for upholding the principles of majority rule and the supremacy of the federal government inconsistently and unfairly. The validity of this statement varies in the cases of the re-charter of the Bank, the nullification controversy, and the removal of the Native Americans. In the case of the re-charter of the bank, the statement is not valid. He did uphold the principles of the majority rule and not of the supremacy of the government.The bank and its branches received federal funding and they were to be used for public purpose by serving as a cushion for the ups and downs of the economy. Biddle, head of the bank, managed it effectively. But his arrogance led many, including Jackson, to believe that Biddle was abusing his power and was serving the interests of the wealthy. As a result, Jackson declared the bank to be unconstitutional even though it was previously said to be constitutional.In the election of 1832, Clay wanted to cha llenge Jackson on the issue by trying to persuade Congress to pass a bank re-charter-bill. Jackson vetoed it, saying that it was a private monopoly and that it favored the wealthy, and in turn led to the backfire of Clay’s plan. The majority of the voters agreed on his attack on the â€Å"hydra of corruption. † And as a result of this issue, Jackson got the majority of the votes and won the election. In his second term Jackson killed the national bank by vetoing its re-charter and by removing all of its money.In his veto message Jackson said â€Å"But when the laws undertake to add to these natural and just advantages artificial distinctions, to grant titles, gratuities, and exclusive privileges to make the rich richer and the potent more powerful, the humble members of society who have neither the time nor the means of securing like favors to themselves, have a right to complain of the injustices of their government†. He then took the money and put it into so c alled â€Å"pet banks† that were located throughout various state banks. He did this because he did not uphold to the ideas of the federal supremacy.Jackson is usually for state’s rights, but not if it leads towards disunion. That is exactly what happened in the issue of nullification. Around 1828 the legislation of South Carolina declared that the Tariff of Abominations, which was and increased tariff, was unconstitutional. According to Calhoun, Jackson’s vice-president, and his nullification theory, each state had the right to decide whether or not to obey it or to declare it void. Daniel Webster, of Mass. , debated against Hayne and attacked the idea that any state could leave the Union.Jackson believed that the Union should be preserved. South Carolina held a convention to nullify both the tariff of 1828 and the newly formed tariff of 1832. The convention determined that the collection of tariffs within a state is against the constitution. Jackson didnâ€⠄¢t like this, so he forced military action by persuading the Congress the pass a so-called Force bill to give him authority to use military action in South Carolina. But the troops did not go. Jackson decided to open up for compromise and to lower the tariff.Jackson did not uphold to the principle of majority to rule in this case because it only dealt with one state, but he did for the supremacy of the federal government. In the case of the removal of the Native Americans, the statement is valid. Jackson’s view on democracy did not extend to the Native Americans. Like the majority he did sympathize with the land-hungry citizens who desperately wanted to take over lands held by the Indians. Jackson thought that the reasonable answer was to require the Native Americans to leave their homeland and head towards west of the Mississippi.He signed the Indian Removal Act in 1830, which forced a resettlement of many thousand Native Americans. In 1831 the Cherokees challenged Georgia in the courts, but the Supreme Court ruled in this case (Cherokee Nation vs. Georgia) that the Cherokee’s where not a foreign nation and couldn’t sue in a federal court. In a second case, Worcester vs. Georgia (1832), the Supreme Court ruled that the laws of Georgia had no force within the boundaries of the Cherokee territory. In a dispute between state’s rights and federal courts, Jackson sided with the states.He said, â€Å"John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it. † In a statement by Edward Everett, he said, â€Å"The Indians, as was natural, looked to the United States for protection. They came first to the President, deeming, and rightly, that it was his duty to afford them this protection. They knew he had but one constitutional duty to perform toward the treaties and laws – the duty of executing them. He informed them that he had no power, in his view of the rights of the States; prevent their extending their laws over th e Indians. This shows that he upheld the principle of the federal supremacy because he abided. Many presidents that have served in the U. S. have had criticisms against them because of the actions they have performed, Jackson being one of them. The validity of the criticism against Jackson varies with the issues regarding the re-charter of the bank, the nullification crisis and the removal of the Native Americans. His presidency changed the way that we look at presidents today.

Lottery Is Good Essay - 695 Words

nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;State lotteries have been around for awhile to help build up state revenue. In such things as scratch off instant tickets or daily number drawings. To some these things are evil, but to some others who’s lives aren’t the greatest, it’s a shimmer of hope that most people don’t have. Now the thing about the lottery is a lot of people don’t win, but those few that do could be put into a nice situation that they’ve never been in before. This is the land of freedom and opportunity, isn’t that we are giving the commonwealth? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;If we would take away the lottery it would take away from the retired people who the lottery money goes to as well. I don’t like to know that the money is going to†¦show more content†¦The people who complain against gambling are going at the wrong thing. The real addiction lies in the casinos and places like that. There is where people can drop five hundred dollars at a clip. People can sit in front of a slot machines for hours, most stores don’t allow someone to stand at there front counter for hours, there is a security risk with that. I should know, cause I work at a gas station that does business with the state lottery. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;There is an evil in gambling, but once again, that is all in the casinos. Sure some people who play could save that money for other things like crack or heroin, but they instead play the lottery. Its there life, let them live it the way they want to. For once the government is giving something to the people that gives them some hope, more so then the empty promises they make on the campaign trail. A politician can say he can give you lower taxes and more money to the commonwealth, but the lottery doesn’t talk, it shows that it will give money back to the people. A very good example is the last winner of the power ball that won two hundred and fifty million dollars, he was a truck driver barely able to see his family for he was on the road all the time. Now he can provide his family with the best for he has the money to do it. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Some people get addicted to stuff very easily, sure scratch offs can be, but not bad asShow MoreRelatedLottery Is Good or Not1635 Words   |  7 PagesIs lottery a good idea? These days, a lot of people play lottery and spend a certain amount of money on it while few of them earn back what they spend. Someone says lottery is a kind of tax collected by the government on peoples’ luck and desire to be rich. In another aspect, lottery is also gambling, and it could make people to be a millionaire in a night if the person is lucky enough, however, it has a negative effect that it causes inequality, crimes and so on. So lottery is not a positive ideaRead MoreIs Lottery a Good Idea1189 Words   |  5 PagesIs a Gambling a Good Idea? Definition of Gambling Merriam-Webster’s Learners Dictionary defined gambling as â€Å"playing a game in which you can win or lose money or possessions† (Merriam). Origin of gambling in the United States The first lottery was held in the America by the Virginia Company with the permission of the Crown to raise money to finance the establishment of the Colony in 1612. The lotteries were relatively sophisticated and included instant winners. All the original 13 raised revenueRead Moreis lottery a good idea Essay1781 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿Is Lottery a Good Idea? Lottery is one of the best things that has ever happened to human kind especially those that dream high and but their dreams don’t come to life because they don’t have what it takes to make it happen. Lotteries are in various categories such as sweep stakes, scratch off, the Jackpot and even the green card lottery. The lottery that is being focused in this argument is the jackpot one. When individuals or people in general buy the lottery ticket their hopes are high, andRead MoreExistentialism, The Lottery, And Good Country People1103 Words   |  5 Pageswritten works. Writings such as â€Å"Raj Bohemian,† â€Å"The Lottery,† and â€Å"Good Country People† all show evidence of an attitude of choice. The term itself suggests one major theme: the stress on the concrete individual existence and, consequently, on subjectivity, individual freedom, and choice. (Funk Wagnalls 1.) The use of existentialism shapes the characters’ such as the Narrato r in â€Å"Raj Bohemian,† Mr. Summers in â€Å"The Lottery,† and Manly Pointer in â€Å"Good Country People;† and explains the motives behindRead MoreSimilarities Between The Lottery And A Good Man Is Hard To Find1376 Words   |  6 PagesHutchinson from Shirley Jacksons â€Å"The Lottery† and the grandmother from A Good Man Is Hard to Find† by Flannery OConnor, treat their family members both similarly and differently and how they are treated in return. Throughout â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find,† the family members ignore each other, argue, and act selfish towards one another, but in the end, O’Connor presents the theme of familial love. In â€Å"The Lottery† however, family relationships are important for the lottery to work, but then they do notRead MoreThe Lottery, by Shirley Jackson and A Good Man Is Hard To Find, by Flannery OConnors1074 Words   |  5 PagesIn Shirley Jackson’s short story the Lottery and Flannery O’Conn er’s â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find†, there are a few aspects of a similar nature that attempt to tackle the nature essence of the human condition. Both short stories respectively portray two similar types of foreshadowing where one is random the other is premeditated, which leads these stories to their very surprising dramatic climax that is held until the end of each story. I believe that these important variables of both stories haveRead MoreAn Analysis of Shirley Jacksons The Lottery and Flannery OConnors A Good Man Is Hard to Find1360 Words   |  5 PagesShirley Jackson The Lottery Shirley Jacksons short story The Lottery depicts life in a provincial American town with rigid social norms. Mr. Summers symbolizes everything that is wrong with the town; he represents blind adherence to ritual, social rigidity, and resistance to change. His name corresponds with the seasonal setting of The Lottery, too, drawing attention to the importance of his character in shaping the theme of the story. Summers is in charge of the central motif of the storyRead More Inhumanity in Flannery O’Connor’s A Good Man is Hard to Find and Shirley Jacksons The Lottery1133 Words   |  5 Pages In Flannery O’Connor’s, â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find,† and Shirley Jacksons, â€Å"The Lottery,† both short stories deal with man’s inhumanity in different situations, and ending with a similar consequence. Jackson and OConnor both use two characters to depict man having the power to manipulate truth and objection into something people accept. In O’Connor’s’ A Good Man is Hard to Find, the Misfit is a character in need of desired assistance, troubled and confused he wanders savagely murdering strangersRead MoreThe Lottery By Shirley Jackson873 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Lottery† â€Å"The Lottery† was written in 1948 by Shirley Jackson. Mrs. Jackson, born in 1916, was known for her tales of horror and supernatural novels. She and her literary critic husband, Stanley Edgar Hyman lived in a little town called Bennington, Vermont. Mrs. Jackson was not accepted by the town. Her novels, especially â€Å"The Lottery†, revealed the dark side of human nature. Stephen King honored Shirley Jackson by dedicating his book Firestarter to her. â€Å"The Lottery† takes place on JuneRead MoreThe Lottery Short Story Analysis1214 Words   |  5 PagesThe short story â€Å"The Lottery† written by Shirley Jackson begins with villagers gathering in the square, between the post office and the bank, to participate in the lottery which is not what it seems like because the story’s surprising ending reveals that Tessie Hutchinson, who draws the slip of paper with the black spot on it is stoned to death when the lottery ends. Shirley Jackson reveals through the use of irony, foreshadow, and symbolism in the story how much people can get caught up in maintaining